The outcome of damages actions in the Netherlands involving the liability of doctors, clinics and hospitals responsible for the placing of PIP silicone breast implants will likely be determined by a ruling of the Dutch Supreme Court, expected for Spring 2020. Late August 2019, the Court of Appeal in ‘s-Hertogenbosch referred questions to the Dutch Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) under the national preliminary reference scheme, asking for the interpretation of the strict(er) liability rule of